Tongal gave me the opportunity to finally collect a few thoughts on some editing hardware and workflow concepts. It's fairly basic, but let me know if you want to chat about more details! I’ve pasted the post below, but you can view the original article on Tongals site here.
A great idea is the soul of a project. But without the body, the soul cannot extend its reach. Let’s take a look at the brain and the hands — the tools an editor has by way of computer hardware. We’ll hone in on best practices for backups, and take a big-picture look at the hardware being used to bring a story to life. Let’s start at the beginning. You are handed an external drive containing video files. Now what?
Keep It Safe
Losing footage is one of the worst things that could happen through the course of a project. Hard drives fail — that’s inevitable. You need to be ready. I’ve heard countless stories about people editing from an external drive and all of a sudden it stopped working. Poof. Gone. There are data recovery companies, but that can be very expensive and there’s no guarantee you’ll get everything back. Maybe it’s possible to reshoot, but that could be even more expensive. Maybe reshooting is impossible and the whole project ends with nothing. A general rule of thumb is keeping three copies of your footage:
Your first copy is the footage you’re working with. Maybe it’s on an internal drive or a fast thunderbolt external.
Your second copy should be on a different drive that is easily accessible in case your first one dies. Most people opt for capacity over speed for this. If you’re working at a large studio or post-house, LTO storage is a great option.
The third copy should be offsite, which could be another drive that lives in a different building, or a clone of your assets that lives in the cloud. This protects against something physically happening to the drives, such as a fire, or someone breaking in and stealing everything.
A great option for #2 is a network-attached storage server, or NAS. NAS is useful because it’s one storage unit that contains multiple disk drives, and it can be configured as a RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) where you can have one disk parity (RAID5) or two disk parity (RAID6), which means one or two disks could fail, but you won’t lose any data. There are services that will automatically backup all data on your NAS (or even your internal drives) to the cloud. Using a service like this will automate #3, storing everything offsite.
Yes, there are associated costs. Purchasing multiple reliable, high capacity drives can be expensive, and/or recurring costs for cloud backups can add up, but it’s almost always cheaper than reshooting. If you can avoid just one incident, the whole thing pays for itself.
Getting into a little more detail, there are RAID units that can directly attach to your computer to work off of, usually through Thunderbolt, but a connection through the network allows separate computers to access the same folders. Most networks aren’t fast enough to allow you to work on a NAS directly, but faster local networks (such as 10 gigabit ethernet) are becoming more and more accessible. This might be something to look into if you’re considering purchasing a NAS solution, especially if you have multiple computers or editors.
Pro Tip: The above applies to your project files as well! You can set your project auto-save location to a different drive than the working project file.
Ok, so now you’re confident that you won’t lose the footage! Time to get creative! But wait… why is this computer going so slow? Ugh, this playback is choppy… saving takes a good 45 seconds… I can’t even watch this clip after I put color correction on it. Wait, what just happened? Where’d everything go? Why is the computer restarting? When was the last time I saved?
Time to look at the computer hardware!
Coke vs. Pepsi
Marvel vs. DC
PC vs. Mac
Each one has their pros and cons. Apple computers are a great one-stop-shop. You know what you’re getting. The customizable components list is short and very straightforward. The Genius Bar can help if something goes wrong. Apple’s monitors are beautiful albeit oversaturated, and the operating system is shiny, but the price-performance ratio is abysmal. On the other hand, shopping for a PC is like going to a restaurant with a 20-page menu. There are way too many options, and it can be overwhelming.
Building a PC is the best bang for your buck, and it’s actually fairly simple. If you’ve never built a PC, there are plenty of resources out there and people love sharing their knowledge about it. Still don’t want to do that? There are some pretty solid pre-built options. Without going into too many specifics, let’s touch on computer hardware and what to look for when building or buying this editing tool. This applies to both Macs and PCs, but with Macs you don’t really get to choose.
CPU
The processor, or CPU, is the central nervous system. The two biggest contenders are AMD and Intel (maybe these two should be added to the epic rivalries list). Both manufacturers make great products, and they refresh their line-up pretty much every year. For the sake of this article, we’re going to keep it simple. At the time of writing, Intel is between their 9000 series and 10000 series, and AMD has their Ryzen 3000 series. If you’re using a higher end consumer model from either of them, you’re fine. This would be the Intel i7 series, and for AMD it would be Ryzen 9. HEDT (High End Desktop) components will cost more, but you’ll see great strides in performance improvement. This would include Intel’s i9 and Ryzen Threadripper lines.
RAM
For editing, more is better. 32GB would be my recommended minimum for a video editing computer. The speed of the RAM has an impact on the overall performance of your computer (by allowing the CPU to access the data on the hard drives more quickly), but is even more essential for editing. In all honesty, I doubt most users will notice a difference between slower or faster RAM for video editing, but everyone will notice a difference between HDDs and SSDs. Keep reading for more information.
Storage
As mentioned above, a NAS isn’t usually fast enough to edit from, so you should have internal storage on your computer. Solid State Drives (SSDs) are lower capacity, but very fast. Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) are higher capacity, but slower. Using a combination of SSDs and HDDs will let you configure your system to run quickly with the operating system and applications on the SSD, while having large capacity HDDs for media storage. HDDs have spinning disks inside, and you want to make sure you have a drive that will spin at 7200RPM. I strongly recommend staying away from anything that says 5400RPM if you’re trying to edit. For SSDs, you’re already looking at blazing fast speeds, so if you have the budget, NVMe m.2 drives are the craze these days.
GPU
This is the graphics card. Many effects are accelerated with a GPU, and Adobe Premiere embraces the CUDA technology in NVIDIA cards. What does this mean? If you are using any newer NVIDIA GTX or RTX card, Adobe Premiere will work much better. Instead of CUDA, some software prefers OpenCL and/or Metal. AMD Radeon cards do a great job. As with the CPUs, we’re going to keep it simple and say that any newer model will work just fine, with the technical exception that if you’re using Adobe, you’re going to want an NVIDIA card. All new cards have multiple outputs, so you can run multiple monitors at the same time. You can really customize your setup and software layout with more screen real estate.
PSU
PSU stands for Power Supply Unit. This is one of those things that you never have to think about with Apple, you just plug it in and turn it on. But for a PC, the power supply is another component that you need to shop for. The biggest thing I pay attention to when looking for a PSU is reliability. This can make or break your computer — literally. A faulty PSU can cause some really weird issues and troubleshooting any PC issues always starts with troubleshooting the power supply. Any high quality, reputable PSU with a good warranty is what you need. Online reviews are great for this. Just make sure it can output enough power to keep your machine up and running and you’ll be set.
Motherboard
Think of this like the spinal cord. Everything connects to this in order to communicate with everything else. This is another element of a Mac that is invisible. USB 3 is common on all newer motherboards, and Thunderbolt is now officially supported when using an Intel CPU. It’s not “official” for AMD, but there are AMD socket motherboards out there that also have Thunderbolt ports. Unless you’re doing heavy overclocking or have specific needs, whichever new motherboard has the proper socket for your CPU should be sufficient.
Peripherals
Speakers, headphones, mouse, keyboard, monitor, desk… all important things. A 1440p monitor is excellent, but 1080p will suffice. Look for something with great colors since we’re not going to discuss calibrated displays in this article. I love the feel of a good mechanical keyboard, but it’s more expensive (and louder) than a squishy membrane keyboard. Maybe you like a mouse that has customizable buttons — go for it. Want a desk that you can swap between sitting and standing? Those are great. Good speakers and headphones are definitely important. Maybe you need a DAC, but we’ll let the sound engineers take over from here.
Building a powerhouse computer can be expensive, but the more power you get from your system, the quicker you can work and render. Saving time during post production allows you to experiment more with different options. For example, you can spend some time tweaking your color correction and get an accurate representation of your video without having to stop and render after every time you move the slider. The best thing about having a powerful computer is knowing that you’re using something that can handle whatever you can throw at it. Not having to worry about your computer running slow and not having to deal with the computer crashing will keep you in the flow. Nothing is worse than focusing on an edit and having your computer crash, only to lose the last 20 minutes of work you spent on it. This is when confidence goes down the drain and you have to spend the next 20 minutes rebuilding something you already did — and it never quite feels the same.
Conclusion
Now that our footage is secure, and our computer is up and running, we can finally take a look at this footage! Which software are we going to use? I won’t dig into this portion. As an editor, you’re already familiar with your favorite program. If you’re a director or producer, don’t force an editor to use your favorite software. It’s only another tool at the editor’s disposal that they can use to focus on the story. Using one software over another won’t make your story better, but using something the editor wants to use will help them better tell the story.
These are all tools in our belt. Everything from the computer we’re working on to the cloud backup of footage that runs for hours and hours to save everything off site is just as important as the quality of shots and the concept of your videos. You can’t build a house by simply leaning pieces of drywall together. You need a strong foundation and solid framework before your house can even begin to take shape.
Shoutout and praise to some of my favorite sources for technical discussions:
www.pugetsystems.com
www.reddit.com/r/buildapc
www.pcpartpicker.com